Origins and Formation
Culture was founded in 1976 in Kingston, Jamaica, by lead vocalist and songwriter Joseph Hill. Initially known as The African Disciples, the group included Hill’s cousin Albert “Ralph” Walker and Roy “Kenneth” Dayes. They auditioned for the renowned producer duo Joe Gibbs and Errol Thompson, known as the “Mighty Two,” leading to their first recordings at Joe Gibbs’ studio. Their debut single, “See Dem a Come,” set the stage for their influential career in roots reggae.
Joseph Hill: The Visionary Frontman
Joseph Hill was born on January 22, 1949, in Linstead, Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica. Raised in a Christian family,
He began singing in church at the age of six and was making his musical instruments by the age of eight. In his youth, Hill became involved with the Rastafarian movement, which profoundly influenced his music and worldview. Before forming Culture, he worked as a percussionist with the Soul Defenders and as a sound system deejay. His early recordings include the singles “Behold the Land” and “Take Me Girl” in the early 1970s.
Breakthrough with “Two Sevens Clash”
In 1977, Culture released their debut album, Two Sevens Clash, produced by Joe Gibbs. The album’s title track, “Two Sevens Clash,” was inspired by Hill’s vision of July 7, 1977, as a day of judgment, aligning with the prophecy of pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey. The song’s apocalyptic themes resonated deeply with audiences, leading to widespread anticipation and a citywide hush in Kingston on that date. The album became a cornerstone of roots reggae, praised for its spiritual and politically charged lyrics.
Evolution and Continued Success
Following the success of Two Sevens Clash, Culture released several influential albums, including Baldhead Bridge (1978) and International Herb (1979). The band’s music continued to reflect Rastafarian beliefs, social consciousness, and a commitment to cultural identity. Their sound evolved over the years, incorporating elements of dub and experimenting with different production techniques, yet always maintaining their roots in reggae.
The Passing of Joseph Hill and Continuation of the Legacy
Joseph Hill passed away on August 19, 2006, in Berlin, Germany, during a European tour. His death marked a significant moment in reggae history, but the band was determined to continue his legacy. Hill’s son, Kenyatta Hill, who had been serving as the band’s sound engineer, stepped in as the new lead vocalist. He performed with Culture at the Western Consciousness show in 2007, dedicating the performance to his late father.
Notable Collaborations and Cultural Impact
Culture’s influence extended beyond their recordings. They collaborated with various artists and producers, contributing to the global spread of reggae music. Their commitment to Rastafarian principles and social justice themes resonated with audiences worldwide, solidifying their place in the pantheon of reggae legends.
Discography Highlights
- Two Sevens Clash (1977): The seminal album that introduced Culture’s distinctive sound and prophetic lyrics.
- Baldhead Bridge (1978): Continued the band’s exploration of spiritual and social themes.
- International Herb (1979): Further established their reputation in the reggae community.
- Culture in Culture (1986): Marked a period of renewed creativity and collaboration.
- Live On (2011): Showcased Kenyatta Hill’s leadership and the band’s enduring relevance.
Legacy and Influence
Culture’s music remains a vital part of reggae’s rich tapestry. Their commitment to authenticity, spirituality, and social consciousness has inspired countless artists and listeners. Through their powerful lyrics and timeless melodies, Culture continues to be a beacon of roots reggae, carrying forward the legacy of Joseph Hill and the enduring message of unity, peace, and resistance.
Visual Archive
Culture performing live in the 1980s.
Joseph Hill, the charismatic frontman of Culture.
Kenyatta Hill is leading Culture in the post-Joseph Hill era.
Culture’s enduring legacy is a testament to the power of music as a vehicle for cultural expression and social change. Their journey from the streets of Kingston to international stages underscores the universal appeal of their message and the timeless nature of their music.
